anti mstn  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Biomarker Research

Article Title: GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment

doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00695-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Real-world data on GDPP in CRPC patients with BM. ( A ) A comparison of GDPP, PSA, TRACP 5b, BAP, mGDF15, PINP, OC, ALP, and LDH levels in healthy donors ( n = 30) versus CRPC patients with and without BM ( n = 80 and 75, respectively). The data show significantly elevated levels of GDPP, PSA, BAP, mGDF15 and LDH in patients with BM. GDPP: Growth differentiation factor 15 propeptide, Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), and statistical analyses were performed using the Tukey‒Kramer method (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; n.s., not significant). ( B ) GDPP had the best AUC when comparing the diagnostic performance of each blood biomarker for BM in CRPC patients in each of the two randomized cohorts. ( C ) Comparison of blood GDPP levels by site of metastasis in PC (Local only: n = 60, Lymph node metastatic CRPC only: n = 12, Bone metastatic CRPC only: n = 31). ( D ) The analysis of the relationship between the BSI and GDPP, PSA, TRACP 5b, BAP, mGDF15, PINP, OC, ALP, or LDH in CRPC patients with BM is shown, together with the comparison of the strength of the correlation between each biomarker and the BSI ( n = 80). Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. ( E ) The relationships between the change in BSI (ΔBSI) and the changes in many blood biomarkers during systemic treatment in CRPC patients with BM showed that the change in GDPP (ΔGDPP) correlated best with the change in the BSI ( n = 22). Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. ( F ) This panel shows data from a representative patient who underwent longitudinal monitoring. During the clinical course of the patients, the plasma GDPP levels, rather than PSA levels, reflected the volume of BM revealed by PSMA PET. Red arrow indicates the solitary BM location from PCa. ( G ) Kaplan‒Meier analysis of the OS of CRPC patients with BM stratified by GDPP value; statistical analyses were performed using the log-rank test (** p < 0.01)

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were a rabbit anti-GDPP polyclonal antibody (HPA011191, Sigma‒Aldrich, 1:200) and a mouse anti-mGDF15 monoclonal antibody (sc-515675, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:50).

Techniques: Comparison, Standard Deviation, Diagnostic Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Biomarker Research

Article Title: GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment

doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00695-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDPP is cleaved from pro-GDF15 and secreted from PCa. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining showed the colocalization of GDPP and mGDF15 within LNCaP and PC3 cells. Nuclei are indicated in blue (DAPI); GDPP is indicated in green (GFP), mGDF15 is indicated in red (TRITC). GFP: Green fluorescent protein, TRITC: Tetramethylrhodamine, DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( B ) Analysis of GDPP and mGDF15 in PCa cell lines by western blot revealed that GDPP and mGDF15 exist intracellularly as bound pro-GDF15 and extracellularly as separate entities, GDPP and mGDF15, respectively. ( C ) The concentration of GDPP in the culture medium in each of the four PCa cell lines was quantified using ELISA

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were a rabbit anti-GDPP polyclonal antibody (HPA011191, Sigma‒Aldrich, 1:200) and a mouse anti-mGDF15 monoclonal antibody (sc-515675, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:50).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Biomarker Research

Article Title: GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment

doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00695-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient baseline characteristics and blood biomarker levels. All continuous data use median and range

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were a rabbit anti-GDPP polyclonal antibody (HPA011191, Sigma‒Aldrich, 1:200) and a mouse anti-mGDF15 monoclonal antibody (sc-515675, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:50).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery